我國有些高溫蓄熱式加熱爐采用(yong)進口(kou)產品(pin)砌筑內襯，其(qi)(qi)最高使用(yong)溫度為(wei)1760e，取得了非常好的(de)使用(yong)效果，但(dan)是這種耐(nai)火磚進口(kou)價格昂貴。針對(dui)這種情況，我們開發了性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)類似于進口(kou)產品(pin)的(de)國產剛(gang)玉-莫來石輕(qing)質(zhi)(zhi)耐(nai)火磚，并(bing)對(dui)影(ying)響其(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)因素進行了較系統的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)。配(pei)料對(dui)輕(qing)質(zhi)(zhi)耐(nai)火磚性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)影(ying)響由于雜質(zhi)(zhi)含量對(dui)剛(gang)玉-莫來石輕(qing)質(zhi)(zhi)耐(nai)火磚的(de)高溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)影(ying)響很大，在(zai)設計配(pei)料中應(ying)盡(jin)量選擇（Al2O3+SiO2）高而(er)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)雜質(zhi)(zhi)含量低的(de)原料。 

　　三種Al2O3原料加(jia)入量確定的初始依據是：C-氧化(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)的加(jia)入量要在(zai)1600e以(yi)下能夠(gou)與(yu)(yu)粘(zhan)土(tu)大部(bu)(bu)分發(fa)生反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)，生成(cheng)(cheng)莫(mo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)；A-氧化(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)的加(jia)入量要能夠(gou)與(yu)(yu)原料中全部(bu)(bu)多余(yu)SiO2發(fa)生反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)生成(cheng)(cheng)Al2O3含(han)量在(zai)72.8%左右的莫(mo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，這種反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)需在(zai)磚坯于1700e燒成(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)大部(bu)(bu)分反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)完畢(bi)；剛玉的加(jia)入量除部(bu)(bu)分超細粉（10Lm）在(zai)第一次燒成(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)程中與(yu)(yu)其(qi)他原料發(fa)生反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)生成(cheng)(cheng)莫(mo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)外，余(yu)下部(bu)(bu)分要能夠(gou)博山奇石(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)窯爐內(nei)1750e長(chang)期使用過(guo)程中繼續與(yu)(yu)Al2O3反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)生成(cheng)(cheng)Al2O3含(han)量在(zai)78%左右的莫(mo)來(lai)(lai)(lai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)固(gu)溶(rong)體(ti)，并略(lve)有剩余(yu)。 

　　根據這一經驗以及使蓄熱式加熱爐磚坯(pi)成型(xing)所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)最低粘土含(han)量(liang)(liang)，確定(ding)7組(zu)實驗配方(fang)。在7組(zu)配方(fang)中(zhong)，四種陶瓷原料的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)入量(liang)(liang)相同，分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為（質量(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)數）蘇州土13%，蒙(meng)脫石粘土4%，硅線(xian)石15%，C-氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)13%，只變動(dong)A-氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)和電(dian)(dian)熔剛玉的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)入量(liang)(liang)。1號樣(yang)(yang)中(zhong)A-氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)為10%，電(dian)(dian)熔剛玉為45%。從1號樣(yang)(yang)至7號樣(yang)(yang)A-氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)加(jia)(jia)入量(liang)(liang)依次(ci)增加(jia)(jia)5%，電(dian)(dian)熔剛玉加(jia)(jia)入量(liang)(liang)依次(ci)降低5%。其中(zhong)硅線(xian)石的(de)(de)(de)粒度74Lm，其作用是(shi)在1600e左右發生分(fen)(fen)解(jie)生成莫來(lai)石并產(chan)生體(ti)積(ji)膨脹以抵消(xiao)部分(fen)(fen)燒(shao)(shao)成收(shou)縮。C-氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)及A-氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)粒度10Lm，電(dian)(dian)熔剛玉的(de)(de)(de)粒度43Lm。通過加(jia)(jia)入鋸末，擠出成型(xing)及烘干(gan)后在實驗窯中(zhong)于1700e，20h燒(shao)(shao)成，將燒(shao)(shao)成后的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)體(ti)積(ji)密度控(kong)制(zhi)在（1.42%）g/cm3。測定(ding)燒(shao)(shao)成樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)收(shou)縮、在0.1MPa壓力下變形0.6%的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)重(zhong)軟化開始溫度及在1700e，12h重(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)后的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)變化。

　　隨著剛玉(yu)(yu)用量的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)大，燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成線(xian)收(shou)縮及重(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)線(xian)收(shou)縮均減小。但(dan)荷重(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)并不與剛玉(yu)(yu)加(jia)入量成直線(xian)關系，而是(shi)當A-氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁與剛玉(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)比例為20B35時(shi)具有最高的(de)(de)(de)荷重(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。這是(shi)因為剛玉(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)反應活性較差，當剛玉(yu)(yu)量過多時(shi)會形成磚(zhuan)坯(pi)內液(ye)相(xiang)量和殘留剛玉(yu)(yu)量同(tong)時(shi)增(zeng)多的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，導(dao)致荷重(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)降。燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)產(chan)成本的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要因素，在保(bao)(bao)證產(chan)品性能(neng)滿(man)足使(shi)用要求的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，應盡(jin)量降低(di)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，縮短(duan)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。將(jiang)上述3號配(pei)方(fang)制成磚(zhuan)坯(pi)，分別在1600e，1620e，1640e，1660e，1680e，1700e，1720e，1740e，1760e和1780e下(xia)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)20h.將(jiang)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)品在1700e，12h進行(xing)重(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)，測其(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)線(xian)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)和0.1MPa荷重(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)制品高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)將(jiang)3號樣(yang)品在1700e分別保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4h、8h、12h、16h、20h、24h、28h和32h燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成，然后(hou)測試樣(yang)品在不同(tong)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)0.1MPa荷重(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)及1700e，12h重(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)線(xian)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，隨著保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)延長，重(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)線(xian)收(shou)縮迅速降低(di)，荷重(zhong)(zhong)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)迅速提(ti)高，但(dan)當保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)長于20h時(shi)，二(er)者的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)都趨于平緩。

文章源(yuan)自公眾(zhong)號：工業爐節能技術